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you are absolutely correct that when supply stops motor still rotates because of inertia. And when subjeccted to +ve terminals it stops with no inertia effect. This is because of electrical locking/ self locking of the motor. When +ve potential is applied across the motor then magnetic field produced by the stator of the dc motor will not let the rotator to rotate.
please mention your question properly. If I had understand your question properly then you will need to use 555 in monostable mode and adjust the resistance and capacitance and connecct pin 3 to the relay.
hope you got your answer.
for doing this you can use a IR receiver and transmitter pair and interface it with an ADC. IR will give different output for different colours and hence ADC will generate different output. You will need to calibrate the ADC for blue and black colour. The output can be displayed on LCD or any other output device.
For higher resolution you can adjust the V0/2 voltage.
Op amp LM324 must work. If use set the V+ voltage to a max of 5V you will get a voltage of 5V on amplification.
if you want to detect IR only then you can use photodiode. if you want a higher range use TSOP sensors. And are you sure that you have used phototransistor, usually they don’t emmit light. If it is so please mention it.
yes they can be made on bread board and you can also try 0 pcb/general purpose pcb but then you have to solder the components.