what does these warnings mean????

[shanthi]

i am using keil version 3 for writing my code in embedded c..

it shows me 19 warnings..and i dont know how to solve these..please anyone help in solving this..

 

it shows warnings like this…

 

 

 

Build target ‘Target 1’

compiling finalcode.c…

linking…

*** WARNING L1: UNRESOLVED EXTERNAL SYMBOL

    SYMBOL:  _LCDCMD

    MODULE:  finalcode.obj (FINALCODE)

*** WARNING L2: REFERENCE MADE TO UNRESOLVED EXTERNAL

    SYMBOL:  _LCDCMD

    MODULE:  finalcode.obj (FINALCODE)

    ADDRESS: 0ACAH

*** WARNING L2: REFERENCE MADE TO UNRESOLVED EXTERNAL

    SYMBOL:  _LCDCMD

    MODULE:  finalcode.obj (FINALCODE)

    ADDRESS: 0AD6H

*** WARNING L2: REFERENCE MADE TO UNRESOLVED EXTERNAL

    SYMBOL:  _LCDCMD

    MODULE:  finalcode.obj (FINALCODE)

    ADDRESS: 0AFDH

*** WARNING L2: REFERENCE MADE TO UNRESOLVED EXTERNAL

    SYMBOL:  _LCDCMD

    MODULE:  finalcode.obj (FINALCODE)

    ADDRESS: 0C11H

*** WARNING L2: REFERENCE MADE TO UNRESOLVED EXTERNAL

    SYMBOL:  _LCDCMD

    MODULE:  finalcode.obj (FINALCODE)

    ADDRESS: 0C19H

*** WARNING L2: REFERENCE MADE TO UNRESOLVED EXTERNAL

    SYMBOL:  _LCDCMD

    MODULE:  finalcode.obj (FINALCODE)

    ADDRESS: 0C2DH

*** WARNING L2: REFERENCE MADE TO UNRESOLVED EXTERNAL

    SYMBOL:  _LCDCMD

    MODULE:  finalcode.obj (FINALCODE)

    ADDRESS: 0C45H

*** WARNING L2: REFERENCE MADE TO UNRESOLVED EXTERNAL

    SYMBOL:  _LCDCMD

    MODULE:  finalcode.obj (FINALCODE)

    ADDRESS: 0C4DH

*** WARNING L2: REFERENCE MADE TO UNRESOLVED EXTERNAL

    SYMBOL:  _LCDCMD

    MODULE:  finalcode.obj (FINALCODE)

    ADDRESS: 0C61H

*** WARNING L2: REFERENCE MADE TO UNRESOLVED EXTERNAL

    SYMBOL:  _LCDCMD

    MODULE:  finalcode.obj (FINALCODE)

    ADDRESS: 0C79H

*** WARNING L2: REFERENCE MADE TO UNRESOLVED EXTERNAL

    SYMBOL:  _LCDCMD

    MODULE:  finalcode.obj (FINALCODE)

    ADDRESS: 0C81H

*** WARNING L2: REFERENCE MADE TO UNRESOLVED EXTERNAL

    SYMBOL:  _LCDCMD

    MODULE:  finalcode.obj (FINALCODE)

    ADDRESS: 0C95H

*** WARNING L2: REFERENCE MADE TO UNRESOLVED EXTERNAL

    SYMBOL:  _LCDCMD

    MODULE:  finalcode.obj (FINALCODE)

    ADDRESS: 0D5BH

*** WARNING L2: REFERENCE MADE TO UNRESOLVED EXTERNAL

    SYMBOL:  _LCDCMD

    MODULE:  finalcode.obj (FINALCODE)

    ADDRESS: 0D63H

*** WARNING L2: REFERENCE MADE TO UNRESOLVED EXTERNAL

    SYMBOL:  _LCDCMD

    MODULE:  finalcode.obj (FINALCODE)

    ADDRESS: 0CDFH

*** WARNING L2: REFERENCE MADE TO UNRESOLVED EXTERNAL

    SYMBOL:  _LCDCMD

    MODULE:  finalcode.obj (FINALCODE)

    ADDRESS: 0CEBH

*** WARNING L2: REFERENCE MADE TO UNRESOLVED EXTERNAL

    SYMBOL:  _LCDCMD

    MODULE:  finalcode.obj (FINALCODE)

    ADDRESS: 0CF7H

*** WARNING L2: REFERENCE MADE TO UNRESOLVED EXTERNAL

    SYMBOL:  _LCDCMD

    MODULE:  finalcode.obj (FINALCODE)

    ADDRESS: 0D03H

Program Size: data=115.0 xdata=0 code=1470

creating hex file from “finalcode”…

“finalcode” – 0 Error(s), 19 Warning(s).

 

[Syed Aameer]

Please upload the Program…….

[shanthi]

this is the code.. 

 

 

#include<absacc.h>

#include<reg52.h>

sbit rs=P2^0;

sbit rw=P2^1;

sbit e=P2^2;

 

unsigned char c[11];// to receive tag Id

const unsigned char Tag1[11]= {‘0′,’0′,’1′,’5′,’3′,’9′,’7′,’6′,’5′,’1’};// to store tag numbers

const unsigned char Tag2[11]= {‘0′,’0′,’1′,’5′,’3′,’9′,’7′,’6′,’5′,’0’};

const unsigned char Tag3[11]= {‘0′,’0′,’1′,’5′,’3′,’9′,’4′,’7′,’9′,’8’};

unsigned int bn; // to store bus number

unsigned char area[4];// to store area number

unsigned int n=11;  // no. of bytes in tag id

 

 void delay(unsigned int );

 void lcdinit(void);

 void rtcinit(void);

 void lcdcmd(unsigned char);

 void welcome(void);

 void receive(void);

 void bus1(void);

 void bus2(void);

 void bus3(void);

 void nomatch(void);

 void rtc(void);

 void bcdconv(unsigned char) ;

 void lcddata(unsigned char );

 void lcdstring(unsigned char * );

 

 

void main()

{

  unsigned int i;    

  unsigned int v1,v2,v3,vn; // variables in switch cases

  TMOD=0x20;

  TH1=0xFD;

  SCON=0x50;

  TR1=1;

  lcdinit();

  delay(25);

  welcome();

  delay(25);

  while(1)

   {

         receive(); // function to recieve tag id into array

         v1=v2=v3=vn=0;

         for(i=0;i<n;i++) // loop to compare the recieved tag and the id’s stored in tags

          {

                if(c==Tag1)

                  v1++;   

                else

                  if(c==Tag2)

                    v2++;  

                 else 

                   if(c==Tag3)

                     v3++;

                 else

                   if(c!=(Tag1&&Tag2&&Tag3))

                     vn++;

           }  // end of for loop

    

 

 //if value of any variable is n i.e., the number of bytes then the coresponding fumction is called 

 

        if(v1==n)

            bus1();

        else

           if(v2==n)

           bus2();

       else

           if(v3==n)

                bus3();

       else

          if(vn==n)

             nomatch();

 

     //Function to initialize the Real Time Clock (RTC)

      rtcinit();

      delay(25);

    //Funtion to Obtain the Time From the RTC

      rtc();

 

  }// end of while loop

 

}//end of main function

 

 

// Welcome function

void welcome()

{

  unsigned int i=0;

  unsigned char c[]=”WELCOME TO RFID”;

  unsigned char d[]=”BUS ID SYSTEM”;

  lcdcmd(0x01); 

  delay(1);

  lcdcmd(0x80); //

  delay(1);

  for(i=0;c!=’’;i++) 

     lcddata(c);

  lcdcmd(0xc0);

  delay(1);

  for(i=0;d!=’’;i++)

     lcddata(d);

}

 

// function to recieve the tag id from reader

void receive()

{

  unsigned char t;

  for(t=0;t<n;t++)

   { 

      while(RI==0); //wait until value of RI is set to 1

      c[t]=SBUF;   //load SBUF value into array ‘c’

      RI=0; //clear value of RI to 0

   }

}

 

// Function to send the details of bus 1

void bus1()

{

    lcdcmd(0x01); 

    delay(10);

    lcdcmd(0x80);  

    delay(10);

    lcdstring(“Bus Number : 1” );  

    delay(10);

    lcdcmd(0xc0); 

    delay(10);

    lcdstring(“Area : RJY”);

    delay(10);

}

 

//function to store area of bus  2

void bus2()

{

    lcdcmd(0x01); 

    delay(10);

    lcdcmd(0x80);

    delay(10);

    lcdstring(“Busnumber : 2” );

    delay(10);

    lcdcmd(0xc0);  

    delay(10);

    lcdstring(“Area : KKD”);

    delay(10);

 }

 

//Function to  store  Bus 3 details

void bus3()

{

    lcdcmd(0x01);  

    delay(10);

    lcdcmd(0x80); 

    delay(10);

    lcdstring(“Busnumber : 3” );

    delay(10);

    lcdcmd(0xc0);

    delay(10);

    lcdstring(“Area : ABC”);

    delay(10);

  }

 

//Function to display the unauthorized entry of buses into the arena of the college

void nomatch()

{

    lcdcmd(0x01); 

    delay(10);

    lcdcmd(0x80);  

    lcdstring(“Unauthorised entry”);

    delay(10);

}

 

// function to display time from the RTc

void rtc()

{

    unsigned char hr,min,sec;

    hr=XBYTE[4];

    bcdconv(hr);

    delay(10);

    lcddata(‘:’);

 

    min=XBYTE[2];

    bcdconv(min);

    delay(10);

    lcddata(‘:’);

 

    sec=XBYTE[0];

    bcdconv(sec);

}

 

//Function to convert hex values into BCD

void bcdconv(unsigned char v)

{

  unsigned char x,y;

  x=v&0x0F;

  x=x|0x03;

  y=v&0xF0;

  y=y>>4;

  y=y|0x30;

  lcddata(y);

  lcddata(x);

}

 

//LCD initialisation function

void lcdinit()

{

     lcdcmd(0x38);  

     delay(1);

     lcdcmd(0xE0);  

     delay(1);

     lcdcmd(0x01); 

     delay(1);

     lcdcmd(0x06);  

     delay(1);

}

 

//function to display string

void lcdstring(unsigned char *str)

{

    int i=0;

    for(   ;str!=’’;i++)

      { 

          lcddata(str);

           delay(1);

        }

}

 

 // lcd function to display a single character 

void lcddata(unsigned char value)

{

    P1 = value;

    rs= 1;

    rw=0;

    e=1;

    delay(1);

    e=0;

}

 

 

void lcdcmd(unsigned char value)

{

    P1 = value;

    rs= 0;

    rw=0;

    e=1;

    delay(1);

    e=0;

}

// Function to initialize the Real Time clock

void rtcinit()  

{

    delay(200);

    XBYTE[10]=0x20;  //turn ON the oscillator

    XBYTE[11]=0x83;  

    XBYTE[0]=0x55;

    XBYTE[2]=0x58;

    XBYTE[4]=0x16;

    XBYTE[7]=0x19;

    XBYTE[8]=0x10;

    XBYTE[9]=0x04;

    XBYTE[11]=0x03;

}

 

//Function to generate delay 

void delay(unsigned int count)

{

  unsigned int i,j;

  for(i=0;i<count;i++)

    for(j=0;j<1275;j++);

}

 

[phanindra nath]

i couldnt find any mistake, so i copied the your entire code into my Keilproject, I didnt get any warninge messages. Hex file is sucessfull created

[shanthi]

ok thank u so much..i need a help in the same code that the code is not applying for switch case..it is showing me an error..

i tried changing the second ifelse ladder with switchcase bt isnt working…could anyone help me with this

[phanindra nath]

i think you have used SWITCH as follows-

 

switch(n)

{

 case v1: statements;

 case v2: statements;

 case v3: statements;

 case vn: statements;

 default: 

}

did you write code like above code?

if so then its WRONG because CASE identifiers should be CONSTANTs .

you cannot write “case v1”  because ‘v1’ is a variable.

 

instead you can write as 

 ……

  case 11: statements;

  case 12: statements;

…….

i hope you understand.

if you havesome time please check my blog

[Author]

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